A communicative grammar of English /
Leech, Geoffrey N.
A communicative grammar of English / Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik. - 3rd ed. - London : Longman, 2002. - xiv, 440 p. ; 24 cm.
Previous ed.: 1994. Includes index.
Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Symbols
Part I A guide to the use of this book
Introduction
The way this book is organized
Varieties of English
Grammar in spoken and written English
Intonation
A note on phonetic symbols
Geographical and national varieties
Levels of usage: formal and informal English
Part II Grammar in use
Section A Concepts
Referring to objects, substances and materials
Concrete and abstract
Amount or quantity
Definite and indefinite meaning: the, a/an, zero
Relations between ideas expressed by nouns
Restrictive and non-restrictive meaning
Time, tense and aspect
Present time
Past time
The progressive aspect
Future time
Summary
Time-when
Duration: for, over, from… to, etc.
Frequency
Place, direction and distance
Manner, means and instrument
Cause, reason and purpose
Condition and contrast
Degree
Role, standard and point of view
Comparison
Addition, exception and restriction
Subject matter: about and on
Section B Information, reality and belief
Statements, questions and responses
Omission of information
Reported statements and questions
Denial and affirmation
Agreement and disagreement
Fact, hypothesis and neutrality
Degrees of likelihood
Attitudes to truth
Section C Mood, emotion and attitude
Emotive emphasis in speech
Describing emotions
Volition
Permission and obligation
Influencing people
Friendly communications
Vocatives
Section D Meanings in connected discourse
Linking signals
Linking clauses and sentences
‘General purpose' links
Cross-reference and omission
Presenting and focusing information
Order and emphasis
Part III A–Z in English grammar
Adjective patterns
Adjectives
Adjective or adverb?
Adjectives as heads
Adverbials
Adverbs
Apposition
Articles
Auxiliary verbs
Clauses
Cleft sentences
Commands
Comment clauses
Comparison
Complements
Concord
Coordination
Demonstratives
Determiners
Exclamations
Gender
Genitive
Interrogatives
Introductory there: There won't be any trouble.
Irregular verbs
Main verbs
Nationality words
Negation
Nominal clauses
Noun phrases
Number
Numerals
Objects
Operators
Passives
Personal and reflexive pronouns
Phrasal and prepositional verbs
Plurals
Postmodifiers
Premodifiers
Prepositional phrases
Prepositions and prepositional adverbs
Pronouns
Pronunciation of endings
Proper nouns and names
Quantifiers
Questions
Reciprocal pronouns
Relative clauses
Sentences
Some-words and any-words
Spelling changes
Subjects
Subjunctives
Subordination
Verb patterns
Verb phrases
Word-classes
Zero
Index
A Communicative Grammar of English has long been established as a grammar innovative in approach, reliable in coverage, and clear in its explanations. This fully revised and redesigned third edition provides up-to-date and accessible help to teachers, advanced learners and undergraduate students of English. Part One looks at the way English grammar varies in different types of English, such as ‘formal’ and ‘informal’, ‘spoken’ and ‘written’; Part Two focuses on the uses of grammar rather than on grammatical structure and Part Three provides a handy alphabetically arranged guide to English grammar. A new workbook, The Communicative Grammar of English Workbook also accompanies this edition.
9781138292819
English language
English language--Textbooks for foreign speakers.--Grammar.
428.24 / LEE
A communicative grammar of English / Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik. - 3rd ed. - London : Longman, 2002. - xiv, 440 p. ; 24 cm.
Previous ed.: 1994. Includes index.
Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Symbols
Part I A guide to the use of this book
Introduction
The way this book is organized
Varieties of English
Grammar in spoken and written English
Intonation
A note on phonetic symbols
Geographical and national varieties
Levels of usage: formal and informal English
Part II Grammar in use
Section A Concepts
Referring to objects, substances and materials
Concrete and abstract
Amount or quantity
Definite and indefinite meaning: the, a/an, zero
Relations between ideas expressed by nouns
Restrictive and non-restrictive meaning
Time, tense and aspect
Present time
Past time
The progressive aspect
Future time
Summary
Time-when
Duration: for, over, from… to, etc.
Frequency
Place, direction and distance
Manner, means and instrument
Cause, reason and purpose
Condition and contrast
Degree
Role, standard and point of view
Comparison
Addition, exception and restriction
Subject matter: about and on
Section B Information, reality and belief
Statements, questions and responses
Omission of information
Reported statements and questions
Denial and affirmation
Agreement and disagreement
Fact, hypothesis and neutrality
Degrees of likelihood
Attitudes to truth
Section C Mood, emotion and attitude
Emotive emphasis in speech
Describing emotions
Volition
Permission and obligation
Influencing people
Friendly communications
Vocatives
Section D Meanings in connected discourse
Linking signals
Linking clauses and sentences
‘General purpose' links
Cross-reference and omission
Presenting and focusing information
Order and emphasis
Part III A–Z in English grammar
Adjective patterns
Adjectives
Adjective or adverb?
Adjectives as heads
Adverbials
Adverbs
Apposition
Articles
Auxiliary verbs
Clauses
Cleft sentences
Commands
Comment clauses
Comparison
Complements
Concord
Coordination
Demonstratives
Determiners
Exclamations
Gender
Genitive
Interrogatives
Introductory there: There won't be any trouble.
Irregular verbs
Main verbs
Nationality words
Negation
Nominal clauses
Noun phrases
Number
Numerals
Objects
Operators
Passives
Personal and reflexive pronouns
Phrasal and prepositional verbs
Plurals
Postmodifiers
Premodifiers
Prepositional phrases
Prepositions and prepositional adverbs
Pronouns
Pronunciation of endings
Proper nouns and names
Quantifiers
Questions
Reciprocal pronouns
Relative clauses
Sentences
Some-words and any-words
Spelling changes
Subjects
Subjunctives
Subordination
Verb patterns
Verb phrases
Word-classes
Zero
Index
A Communicative Grammar of English has long been established as a grammar innovative in approach, reliable in coverage, and clear in its explanations. This fully revised and redesigned third edition provides up-to-date and accessible help to teachers, advanced learners and undergraduate students of English. Part One looks at the way English grammar varies in different types of English, such as ‘formal’ and ‘informal’, ‘spoken’ and ‘written’; Part Two focuses on the uses of grammar rather than on grammatical structure and Part Three provides a handy alphabetically arranged guide to English grammar. A new workbook, The Communicative Grammar of English Workbook also accompanies this edition.
9781138292819
English language
English language--Textbooks for foreign speakers.--Grammar.
428.24 / LEE