000			02868nam a22002537a 4500
003			CUTN
005			20251115170035.0
008			251115b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9789391193331
041			_aEnglish
082			_a338.954 _bAMU
100			_aDr. AMUTHA, D.
240			_aIndian Economy in the Era of Economic Reform
245			_aIndian Economy in the Era of Economic Reform / _cDr. D. Amutha
250			_a1st ed.
260			_aDelhi : _bManglam Publications,
300			_axii, 381 p. :
440			_aIndian Economy in the Era of Economic Reform.
500			_a"India in the Era of Economic Reforms," edited by Jeffrey Sachs, Ashutosh Varshney, and Nirupam Bajpai, which contains essays analyzing the impact of post-1991 reforms on various aspects of the economy and society. Other books with similar titles include "Indian Economy: Before and Since the Reform" by K.N. Prasad, which takes an analytical-empirical approach, and "Indian Economy in the Era of Economic Reform" by Manglam Publications, aimed at students.
505			_a 1. **Pre-Reform Economy (Before 1991)**: * State-controlled, protectionist economy with a focus on public sector dominance. * Slow growth, high inflation, and inefficiencies. 2. **1991 Economic Reforms**: * Triggered by a balance of payments crisis. * Key reforms: liberalization (reducing government control), privatization, globalization (opening trade and foreign investment), and tax reforms. 3. **Impact of Reforms**: * Rapid GDP growth, especially in IT, services, and manufacturing. * Positive: Increased foreign investment, industrial growth, and higher employment in certain sectors. * Negative: Rising inequality, rural neglect, and uneven regional development. 4. **Sectoral Changes**: * **Industry**: Boom in tech and manufacturing, but infrastructure lagged. * **Agriculture**: Slow growth, needs more investment. * **Services**: IT and outsourcing flourished. * **Trade**: Reduced tariffs and expanded global trade. 5. **Challenges**: * Fiscal deficits, unemployment, inflation, and environmental degradation. * Need for more inclusive growth and rural development. 6. **Globalization**: * India’s role grew in global markets, especially in IT, pharma, and services. * Integration into global financial systems, but also exposed to global economic volatility. 7. **Future Prospects**: * Focus on digital economy, entrepreneurship, and sustainable growth. * Demographic dividend and the need for labor market reforms. In short, India’s 1991 reforms transformed the economy, driving growth and global integration but also created challenges .like inequality and regional disparities.
690			_aEconomics ,Political Economy
856			_u338.954
942			_2ddc _cBOOKS
999			_c46134 _d46134