Acceptance sampling in quality control /
Schilling, Edward G., 1931-
Acceptance sampling in quality control / Edward G. Schilling and Dean V. Neubauer. - Third edition. - Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. - xl, 841 pages ; 27 cm
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
1 INTRODUCTION
Acceptance Quality Control
Acceptance Control and Process Control
Process Quality Control
Background of Acceptance Quality Control
Top Ten Reasons for Acceptance Sampling
References
Problems
2 PROBABILITY AND THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
Probability
Classical Definition
Empirical Definition
Subjective Definition
Random Samples and Random Numbers
Counting Possibilities
Probability Calculus
The Operating Characteristic Curve
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
References
Problems
3 PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS
Probability Distributions
Measures of Distribution Functions
Hypergeometric Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Poisson Distribution
f-Binomial Distribution
Negative Binomial Distribution
Exponential and Continuous Distributions
Weibull Distribution
Normal Distribution
Summary of Distributions
Tables of Distributions
Hypergeometric Tables
Binomial Tables
Poisson Tables
Negative Binomial Tables
Normal Distribution Tables
Summary
Useful Approximations
Tests of Fit
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
References
Problems
4 CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY
Average Run Length of Type B Plans
Samples Size and Lot Size
Effect of Inspection Error
Rectification
Curtailment
Tolerance and Confidence Intervals
Levels and Risks
Choosing Quality Levels
Classification of Defects
Measures of Sampling Plans: Terminology
Graphs of Measures
Specifying a Plan
Software Applications
Minitab
References
Problems
5 SINGLE SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Selection
Table of Poisson Unity Values
Binomial Nomograph
f- Binomial Nomograph
Thorndyke Chart
Hypergeometric Tables
Measures
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
6 DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Double Sampling
Multiple Sampling
Selection
Measures
Double Sampling
Multiple Sampling
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
7 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Selection
Measures
Sequential Sampling for Defects per Unit
Software Applications
Excel
References
Problems
8 VARIABLES SAMPLING FOR PROCESS PARAMETER
Single Sampling for Process Parameter
Acceptance Control Charts
Sequential Plans for Process Parameter ( Known)
Sequential Plans for Process Parameter ( Unknown)
Cumulative Sum Charts
References
Problems
9 BULK SAMPLING
Construction of the Sample
Estimation
Sampling Plans
Simple Random Sampling of Unique Lot (Components of Variance Unknown)
Sampling from Stream of Lots
Estimation of Testing and Reduction Variances
Estimation of Segment and Increment Variances
Application of Plan to Stream of Lots
References
Problems
10 SAMPLING BY VARIABLES FOR PROPORTION NONCONFORMING
Specification Limits
Assumptions and Theory
Operation
Method
k Method
Double Specification Limits
Selection
Tables
Formulas
Jacobson Nomograph for Plan Selection
Measures
Jacobson Nomograph for Operating Characteristics
Calculation: Known
Calculation: Unknown
Double Specification Limits
Measures of Performance
M Method
Plans Based on Sample Range
Double Sampling by Variables
Tolerance Intervals and Variables Plans for Percent Nonconforming
Sequential Plans for Proportion Nonconforming
Further Considerations
Derivation of n, k Formulas
Need for Normality
Software Applications
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
11 ATTRIBUTES SAMPLING SCHEMES
Sampling Schemes
Quick Switching Systems
TNT Plans
Mil-Std-105E and Derivative Standards
Operation
Selection
Measures
Scheme Properties
Implementation of MIL-STD-105E
Matching Individual Sampling Plans to MIL-STD-105E System Performance
MIL-STD-105 Derivatives
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Minitab
Snap Sampling Plans!
Statgraphics
References
Problems
12 VARIABLES SAMPLING SCHEMES
Mil-Std-414
Operation
Selection
Measures
Implementation of Form 2
Implementation of Form 1
Implementation of Plans for Range and Variability Known
Match Between MIL-STD-414 and MIL-STD-105E
Conversion of MIL-STD-414 to ANSI/ASQ Z1.9
MIL-STD-414 Derivatives
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
13 SPECIAL PLANS AND PROCEDURES
No-Calc Plans
Lot Plot Plans
Narrow Limit Gauging
Mixed Variables - Attributes Plan
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mixed Plans
Generalized Mixed Dependent Procedure
Measures: Independent Mixed Plan
Measures: Dependent Mixed Plan
Mil-Std-414 Dependent Mixed Plans
Comparison of Independent and Dependent Mixed Plans
Comparison of Mixed and Other Type Plans
References
Problems
14 SERIES OF LOTS: RECTIFICATION SCHEMES
Single-Sampling AOQL Plan
Dodge-Romig Sampling Scheme
Operation
Selection
Measures
Further Considerations
Constructing LTPD Plan With Minimum ATI
Constructing AOQL Plan With Minimum ATI
Anscombe Rectifying Inspection Procedure
Operation
Selection
Measures
Credit-Based Schemes
Dodge-Romig Plan Derivatives
Software Applications
Excel
Snap Sampling Plans!
References
Problems
15 CONTINUOUS SAMPLING PLANS
Dodge Continuous Plans
Dodge CSP-1
Dodge-Torrey CSP-2 and CSP-3
Measures of CSP-1, 2, 3
Stopping Rules and Selection of CSP-1 Plans
Multi-Level Plans
Tightened Multi-Level Plans
Block Continuous Plans
Wald-Wolfowitz Plan
Girshick Plan
MIL-STD-1235B
MIL-STD-1235B Derivatives
Software Applications
Excel
Snap Sampling Plans!
References
Problems
16 CUMULATIVE RESULTS PLANS
Skip-Lot Sampling Plans
SkSP-1
SkSP-2
Chain Sampling Plans
ChSP-1
Two-Stage Plans
Deferred Sentencing Schemes
Demerit Rating Plan
Cumulative Results Criterion Plan (CRC)
Software Applications
Excel
References
Problems
17 COMPLIANCE SAMPLING
Lot Sensitive Sampling Plan (LSP)
Procedure
Protection
Producer’s Risk
Examples of LSP Applications
Further Considerations
Tightened-Normal-Tightened (TNT) Scheme
Procedure
Protection
Selection
Quick Switching System (QSS)
Mil-Std-1916
Structure
Operation
Implementation
Measures
Further Considerations
Simplified Grand Lot Procedure
Simon’s Approach
Simplified Procedure: Attributes
Simplified Procedure: Variables
Continuing Series of Lots
Further Considerations
Accept on Zero (AoZ) Plans
U. S. Department of Defense Approach
Squeglia Plans
AOZ and AQL Plans
Chain Sampling Alternative
The Zero Acceptance Number Chained Quick Switching System
Summary
Software Applications
Excel
LSP Plans
TNT Plans
QSS Plans
MIL-STD-1916 Plans
Chain Sampling Alternative Plans
Zero Acceptance Number Chained Quick Switching System Plans
Minitab
Snap Sampling Plans!
LSP Plans
Squeglia Plans
Statgraphics
MIL-STD-1916 Plans
References
Problems
18 RELIABILITY SAMPLING
Censored Sampling
Variables Plans for Life Testing and Reliability
Handbook H-108
Operation
Failure Terminated
Time Terminated
Sequential
Proportion Failing by Specified Time
Selection
Example of H-108 Application
Failure Terminated
Time Terminated
Sequential
Proportion of Lot Failing by Specified Time
Measures
Further Considerations
Technical Report TR 7
Mean Life Criterion
Hazard Rate Criterion
Reliable Life Criterion
TR 7 Tables
Operation
TR 7 with the Mil-Std-105E System
Further Considerations
References
Problems
19 ADMINISTRATION OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
Selection and Implementation of a Sampling Procedure
Determining Quality Levels
Setting AQL
Setting AOQL
Setting IQ
Setting LTPD (or LQ)
Relation of Levels
Setting PQL and CQL
Economic Considerations
Mandatory Standards
Basic Principle of Administration
References
Problems
APPENDIX TABLES
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Third Edition presents the state of the art in the methodology of sampling while integrating both theory and best practices. It discusses various standards, including those from the ISO, MIL-STD and ASTM and explores how to set quality levels. The book also includes problems at the end of each chapter with solutions. This edition improves upon the previous editions especially in the areas of software applications and compliance sampling plans.
New to the Third Edition:
Numerous Microsoft Excel templates to address sampling plans are used.
Commercial software applications are discussed at the end of many chapters.
Discussion of quick switching systems has been expanded to account for the considerable recent activity in this area.
Added discussion of zero acceptance number chained quick switching systems.
9781498733571 (hardback)
Acceptance sampling.
Sampling (Statistics)
658.562 / SCH
Acceptance sampling in quality control / Edward G. Schilling and Dean V. Neubauer. - Third edition. - Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. - xl, 841 pages ; 27 cm
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
1 INTRODUCTION
Acceptance Quality Control
Acceptance Control and Process Control
Process Quality Control
Background of Acceptance Quality Control
Top Ten Reasons for Acceptance Sampling
References
Problems
2 PROBABILITY AND THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
Probability
Classical Definition
Empirical Definition
Subjective Definition
Random Samples and Random Numbers
Counting Possibilities
Probability Calculus
The Operating Characteristic Curve
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
References
Problems
3 PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS
Probability Distributions
Measures of Distribution Functions
Hypergeometric Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Poisson Distribution
f-Binomial Distribution
Negative Binomial Distribution
Exponential and Continuous Distributions
Weibull Distribution
Normal Distribution
Summary of Distributions
Tables of Distributions
Hypergeometric Tables
Binomial Tables
Poisson Tables
Negative Binomial Tables
Normal Distribution Tables
Summary
Useful Approximations
Tests of Fit
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
References
Problems
4 CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY
Average Run Length of Type B Plans
Samples Size and Lot Size
Effect of Inspection Error
Rectification
Curtailment
Tolerance and Confidence Intervals
Levels and Risks
Choosing Quality Levels
Classification of Defects
Measures of Sampling Plans: Terminology
Graphs of Measures
Specifying a Plan
Software Applications
Minitab
References
Problems
5 SINGLE SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Selection
Table of Poisson Unity Values
Binomial Nomograph
f- Binomial Nomograph
Thorndyke Chart
Hypergeometric Tables
Measures
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
6 DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Double Sampling
Multiple Sampling
Selection
Measures
Double Sampling
Multiple Sampling
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
7 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING BY ATTRIBUTES
Operation
Selection
Measures
Sequential Sampling for Defects per Unit
Software Applications
Excel
References
Problems
8 VARIABLES SAMPLING FOR PROCESS PARAMETER
Single Sampling for Process Parameter
Acceptance Control Charts
Sequential Plans for Process Parameter ( Known)
Sequential Plans for Process Parameter ( Unknown)
Cumulative Sum Charts
References
Problems
9 BULK SAMPLING
Construction of the Sample
Estimation
Sampling Plans
Simple Random Sampling of Unique Lot (Components of Variance Unknown)
Sampling from Stream of Lots
Estimation of Testing and Reduction Variances
Estimation of Segment and Increment Variances
Application of Plan to Stream of Lots
References
Problems
10 SAMPLING BY VARIABLES FOR PROPORTION NONCONFORMING
Specification Limits
Assumptions and Theory
Operation
Method
k Method
Double Specification Limits
Selection
Tables
Formulas
Jacobson Nomograph for Plan Selection
Measures
Jacobson Nomograph for Operating Characteristics
Calculation: Known
Calculation: Unknown
Double Specification Limits
Measures of Performance
M Method
Plans Based on Sample Range
Double Sampling by Variables
Tolerance Intervals and Variables Plans for Percent Nonconforming
Sequential Plans for Proportion Nonconforming
Further Considerations
Derivation of n, k Formulas
Need for Normality
Software Applications
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
11 ATTRIBUTES SAMPLING SCHEMES
Sampling Schemes
Quick Switching Systems
TNT Plans
Mil-Std-105E and Derivative Standards
Operation
Selection
Measures
Scheme Properties
Implementation of MIL-STD-105E
Matching Individual Sampling Plans to MIL-STD-105E System Performance
MIL-STD-105 Derivatives
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Minitab
Snap Sampling Plans!
Statgraphics
References
Problems
12 VARIABLES SAMPLING SCHEMES
Mil-Std-414
Operation
Selection
Measures
Implementation of Form 2
Implementation of Form 1
Implementation of Plans for Range and Variability Known
Match Between MIL-STD-414 and MIL-STD-105E
Conversion of MIL-STD-414 to ANSI/ASQ Z1.9
MIL-STD-414 Derivatives
Further Considerations
Software Applications
Excel
Minitab
Statgraphics
References
Problems
13 SPECIAL PLANS AND PROCEDURES
No-Calc Plans
Lot Plot Plans
Narrow Limit Gauging
Mixed Variables - Attributes Plan
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mixed Plans
Generalized Mixed Dependent Procedure
Measures: Independent Mixed Plan
Measures: Dependent Mixed Plan
Mil-Std-414 Dependent Mixed Plans
Comparison of Independent and Dependent Mixed Plans
Comparison of Mixed and Other Type Plans
References
Problems
14 SERIES OF LOTS: RECTIFICATION SCHEMES
Single-Sampling AOQL Plan
Dodge-Romig Sampling Scheme
Operation
Selection
Measures
Further Considerations
Constructing LTPD Plan With Minimum ATI
Constructing AOQL Plan With Minimum ATI
Anscombe Rectifying Inspection Procedure
Operation
Selection
Measures
Credit-Based Schemes
Dodge-Romig Plan Derivatives
Software Applications
Excel
Snap Sampling Plans!
References
Problems
15 CONTINUOUS SAMPLING PLANS
Dodge Continuous Plans
Dodge CSP-1
Dodge-Torrey CSP-2 and CSP-3
Measures of CSP-1, 2, 3
Stopping Rules and Selection of CSP-1 Plans
Multi-Level Plans
Tightened Multi-Level Plans
Block Continuous Plans
Wald-Wolfowitz Plan
Girshick Plan
MIL-STD-1235B
MIL-STD-1235B Derivatives
Software Applications
Excel
Snap Sampling Plans!
References
Problems
16 CUMULATIVE RESULTS PLANS
Skip-Lot Sampling Plans
SkSP-1
SkSP-2
Chain Sampling Plans
ChSP-1
Two-Stage Plans
Deferred Sentencing Schemes
Demerit Rating Plan
Cumulative Results Criterion Plan (CRC)
Software Applications
Excel
References
Problems
17 COMPLIANCE SAMPLING
Lot Sensitive Sampling Plan (LSP)
Procedure
Protection
Producer’s Risk
Examples of LSP Applications
Further Considerations
Tightened-Normal-Tightened (TNT) Scheme
Procedure
Protection
Selection
Quick Switching System (QSS)
Mil-Std-1916
Structure
Operation
Implementation
Measures
Further Considerations
Simplified Grand Lot Procedure
Simon’s Approach
Simplified Procedure: Attributes
Simplified Procedure: Variables
Continuing Series of Lots
Further Considerations
Accept on Zero (AoZ) Plans
U. S. Department of Defense Approach
Squeglia Plans
AOZ and AQL Plans
Chain Sampling Alternative
The Zero Acceptance Number Chained Quick Switching System
Summary
Software Applications
Excel
LSP Plans
TNT Plans
QSS Plans
MIL-STD-1916 Plans
Chain Sampling Alternative Plans
Zero Acceptance Number Chained Quick Switching System Plans
Minitab
Snap Sampling Plans!
LSP Plans
Squeglia Plans
Statgraphics
MIL-STD-1916 Plans
References
Problems
18 RELIABILITY SAMPLING
Censored Sampling
Variables Plans for Life Testing and Reliability
Handbook H-108
Operation
Failure Terminated
Time Terminated
Sequential
Proportion Failing by Specified Time
Selection
Example of H-108 Application
Failure Terminated
Time Terminated
Sequential
Proportion of Lot Failing by Specified Time
Measures
Further Considerations
Technical Report TR 7
Mean Life Criterion
Hazard Rate Criterion
Reliable Life Criterion
TR 7 Tables
Operation
TR 7 with the Mil-Std-105E System
Further Considerations
References
Problems
19 ADMINISTRATION OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
Selection and Implementation of a Sampling Procedure
Determining Quality Levels
Setting AQL
Setting AOQL
Setting IQ
Setting LTPD (or LQ)
Relation of Levels
Setting PQL and CQL
Economic Considerations
Mandatory Standards
Basic Principle of Administration
References
Problems
APPENDIX TABLES
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Third Edition presents the state of the art in the methodology of sampling while integrating both theory and best practices. It discusses various standards, including those from the ISO, MIL-STD and ASTM and explores how to set quality levels. The book also includes problems at the end of each chapter with solutions. This edition improves upon the previous editions especially in the areas of software applications and compliance sampling plans.
New to the Third Edition:
Numerous Microsoft Excel templates to address sampling plans are used.
Commercial software applications are discussed at the end of many chapters.
Discussion of quick switching systems has been expanded to account for the considerable recent activity in this area.
Added discussion of zero acceptance number chained quick switching systems.
9781498733571 (hardback)
Acceptance sampling.
Sampling (Statistics)
658.562 / SCH