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Cover Page<br/>Half Title Page<br/>Title Page<br/>Copyright Page<br/>Introduction to the second edition<br/>Introduction to the third edition<br/>A<br/>Abelard, Peter (c.1079–1142)<br/>Academy<br/>Adorno, Theodor W. (1903–69)<br/>Aenesidemus<br/>Aesthetics<br/>‘African Philosophy’<br/>Albert the Great (1206–80)<br/>Alembert, Jean le Rond d' (1717–83)<br/>Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938)<br/>Alienation<br/>Althusser, Louis (1918–90)<br/>American Philosophy<br/>Analysis<br/>Analytic<br/>Analytic Philosophy<br/>Analytical Marxism<br/>Anaxagoras<br/>Anaximander<br/>Anaximenes<br/>Anderson, John (1893–1962)<br/>Animals<br/>Anscombe, G. E. M. (1919–2001)<br/>Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109)<br/>Antisthenes (c.444 to c.366 BC)<br/>A posteriori<br/>Applied Ethics<br/>A priori<br/>Aquinas,Thomas (c.1225–74)<br/>Arcesilaus of Pitane<br/>Arendt, Hannah (1906–75)<br/>Aristippus of Cyrene (c.435–356 BC)<br/>Aristotle (384–322 BC)<br/>Arnauld, Antoine (1612–94)<br/>Atomism<br/>Augustine (354–430)<br/>Aurelius<br/>Austin, John Langshaw (1911–60)<br/>Averroes (1126–98)<br/>Avicenna (980–1037)<br/>Ayer, Sir Alfred Jules (1910–89)<br/>B<br/>Bachelard, Gaston (1884–1962)<br/>Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)<br/>Bacon, Roger (c.1214–c. 1292)<br/>Barth, Karl (1886–1968)<br/>Barthes, Roland (1915–80)<br/>Bataille, Georges (1897–1962)<br/>Beauty<br/>Beauvoir, Simone de (1908–86)<br/>Behaviourism<br/>Being<br/>Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)<br/>Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832)<br/>Berdyaev, Nicholas (1874–1948)<br/>Bergmann, Gustav (1906–87)<br/>Bergson, Henri Louis (1859–1941)<br/>Berkeley,George (1685–1753)<br/>Berlin, Isaiah (1909–97)<br/>Bioethics<br/>Black, Max (1909–88)<br/>Blanshard, Brand (1892–1987)<br/>Bloch, Ernst (1885–1977)<br/>Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (c.480–c.524)<br/>Bonaventura (1221–74)<br/>Boole, George (1815–64)<br/>Bosanquet, Bernard (1848–1923)<br/>Boyle, Robert (1627–91)<br/>Bradley, Francis Herbert (1846–1924)<br/>Braithwaite, Richard Bevan (1900–88)<br/>Brandom, Robert (1950– )<br/>Brentano, Franz (1838–1916)<br/>Broad, Charlie Dunbar (1887–1971)<br/>Buber, Martin (1878–1965)<br/>Burke, Edmund (1729–97)<br/>Butler, Joseph (1692–1752)<br/>C<br/>Cajetan, Thomas de Vio (1468–1534)<br/>Cambridge Platonists<br/>Canguilhem, Georges (1904–95)<br/>Cantor, Georg (1845–1918)<br/>Carnap, Rudolf (1891–1970)<br/>Carneades (c.213–c.129 BC)<br/>Cartesianism<br/>Cassirer, Ernst (1874–1945)<br/>Categorical Imperative<br/>Categories<br/>Cavell, Stanley (1926– )<br/>Chomsky, Noam (1928– )<br/>Chrysippus (c.280–207 BC)<br/>Church, Alonzo (1903–95)<br/>Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106–43 BC)<br/>Clarke, Samuel (1675–1729)<br/>‘Cogito ergo sum’<br/>Cohen, Morris R. (1880–1947)<br/>Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772–1834)<br/>Collingwood, Robin George (1889–1943)<br/>Communitarianism<br/>Comte, Isidore-Auguste-Marie-François-Xavier (1796–1857)<br/>Conceptualism<br/>Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (1715–80)<br/>Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de (1743–94)<br/>Continental Philosophy<br/>Contract, Social<br/>Cook Wilson<br/>Cosmogony<br/>Cosmological Argument<br/>Cratylus<br/>Critical Philosophy<br/>Critical Theory<br/>Croce, Benedetto (1866–1952)<br/>Cudworth, Ralph (1617–88)<br/>Cynicism<br/>Cyrenaics<br/>D<br/>Damascius<br/>Danto, Arthur C. (1924– )<br/>Darwin, Charles (1809–82)<br/>Davidson, Donald (1917–2003)<br/>de Beauvoir, Simone<br/>Deconstruction<br/>Deduction<br/>Deism<br/>Deleuze, Gilles (1925–95)<br/>Democritus<br/>Dennett, Daniel (1942– )<br/>Deontology<br/>Derrida, Jacques (1930– )<br/>Descartes, René (1596–1650)<br/>Determinism<br/>Dewey, John (1859–1952)<br/>Dialectic<br/>Dialectical Materialism<br/>Diderot, Denis (1713–84)<br/>Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833–1911)<br/>Diogenes of Apollonia<br/>Diogenes of Sinope<br/>Diogenes Laertius<br/>Dogmatism<br/>Dualism<br/>Duhem, Pierre (1861–1916)<br/>Dummett, Michael (1925– )<br/>E<br/>Edwards, Jonathan (1703–58)<br/>Eleatics<br/>Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–82)<br/>Emotivism<br/>Empedocles<br/>Empiricism<br/>Encyclopedists<br/>Engels, Friedrich (1820–95)<br/>Epictetus (c.55–c.135 AD)<br/>Epicurus (342–270 BC)<br/>Epistemology<br/>Erigena, John Scotus (c.810–c.877)<br/>Ethics<br/>Evil<br/>Existentialism<br/>F<br/>Fallacy<br/>Fatalism<br/>Feminism<br/>Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (1804–72)<br/>Feyerabend, Paul (1924–94)<br/>Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762–1814)<br/>Fodor, Jerry (1935– )<br/>Foot, Philippa (1920–)<br/>Foucault, Michel (1926–84)<br/>Frankfurt School<br/>Freedom of the Will<br/>Frege, Gottlob (1848–1929)<br/>Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)<br/>Functionalism<br/>G<br/>Gadamer, Hans-Georg (1900–2002)<br/>Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655)<br/>Gender<br/>Gentile, Giovanni (1875–1944)<br/>Geulincz, Arnold (1624–1669)<br/>Gilson, Etienne Henri (1884–1978)<br/>Glanvill, Joseph (1636–1680)<br/>Gödel, Kurt (1906–78)<br/>Goodman, Nelson (1906–98)<br/>Gramsci, Antonio (1891–1937)<br/>Green, Thomas Hill (1836–82)<br/>H<br/>Habermas, Jürgen (1929– )<br/>Hackenschmidt, George (1878–1968)<br/>Hacking, Ian (1936– )<br/>Hamilton, Sir William (1788–1856)<br/>Hampshire, Stuart (1914–2004)<br/>Hare, Richard Mervyn (1919–2002)<br/>Hart, Herbert L. A. (1907–92)<br/>Hartmann, Karl-Robert-Eduard von (1842–1906)<br/>Hartmann, Nicolai (1882–1950)<br/>Hazlitt, William (1778–1830)<br/>Hedonism<br/>Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)<br/>Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976)<br/>Heraclitus<br/>Hermeneutics<br/>Hesiod<br/>Hilbert, David (1862–1943)<br/>Historical Materialism<br/>Historicism<br/>History of Philosophy<br/>Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)<br/>Hocking, William Ernest (1873–1966)<br/>Holbach, Baron d' (1723–89)<br/>Holism<br/>Hook, Sidney (1902–89)<br/>Horkheimer, Max (1895–1973)<br/>Humanism<br/>Hume, David (1711–76)<br/>Husserl, Edmund (1859–1938)<br/>Hutcheson, Francis (1694–1747)<br/>Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825–95)<br/>I<br/>Iamblichus<br/>Idealism<br/>Ideas<br/>Identity<br/>Ideology<br/>Induction<br/>Intentionality<br/>J<br/>James, William (1842–1910)<br/>Jaspers, Karl (1883–1969)<br/>Jevons, William Stanley (1835–82)<br/>John of Paris (c.1269–1306)<br/>Jonas, Hans (1903–93)<br/>Jurisprudence<br/>K<br/>Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804)<br/>Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye (1813–55)<br/>Knowledge<br/>Kojève, Alexandre (1900–68)<br/>Kripke, Saul (1940– )<br/>Kuhn, Thomas S. (1922–96)<br/>L<br/>Lacan, Jacques (1901–81)<br/>Lakatos, Imré (1922–74)<br/>Language<br/>Law<br/>Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716)<br/>Lenin,Ulyanov V.I.(1870–1924)<br/>Leucippus<br/>Levinas, Emmanuel (1906–95)<br/>Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1908– )<br/>Lewis, Clarence I. (1883–1964)<br/>Lewis, David (1941–2001)<br/>Liberalism and Communitarianism<br/>Libertarianism<br/>‘Linguistic Turn’<br/>Locke, John (1632–1704)<br/>Logic<br/>Logical Atomism<br/>Logical Positivism<br/>Lucretius, Titus Lucretius Carus (98–55 BC)<br/>Lukács, Georg (1885–1971)<br/>Lyotard, Jean-François (1924–98)<br/>M<br/>McDowell, John (1942– )<br/>Mach, Ernst (1838–1916)<br/>Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527)<br/>MacIntyre, Alasdair (1929– )<br/>Mackie, John L. (1917–81)<br/>McTaggart, John Ellis (1866–1925)<br/>Maimonides (1135–1204)<br/>Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715)<br/>Manicheism<br/>Marcel, Gabriel (1889–1973)<br/>Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121–180)<br/>Marcuse, Herbert (1898–1979)<br/>Maritain, Jacques (1882–1973)<br/>Marx, Karl Heinrich (1818–83)<br/>Material mode<br/>Materialism<br/>Mathematics<br/>Medieval Philosophy<br/>Meinong, Alexius (1853–1920)<br/>Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1907–61)<br/>Metaphilosophy<br/>Metaphor<br/>Metaphysics<br/>Mill, James (1773–1836)<br/>Mill, John Stuart (1806–73)<br/>Mind<br/>Miracles<br/>Mises, Richard von (1883–1953)<br/>Modernism<br/>Modernity<br/>Monads<br/>Monism<br/>Montaigne, Michel de (1533–92)<br/>Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat (1689–1755)<br/>Moore, George Edward (1873–1958)<br/>More, Henry (1614–87)<br/>More, Thomas (1477–1535)<br/>Morris, Charles (1901–79)<br/>N<br/>Nagel, Ernest (1901–85)<br/>Nagel, Thomas (1937– )<br/>Natural Law<br/>Naturalism<br/>Negative Theology<br/>Neoplatonism<br/>Neo-Thomism<br/>Neurath, Otto (1882–1945)<br/>Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)<br/>Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900)<br/>Nominalism<br/>Nozick, Robert (1938–2002)<br/>O<br/>Occasionalism<br/>Ockham<br/>Ontological Argument<br/>Ontology<br/>P<br/>Pantheism<br/>Parmenides<br/>Pascal, Blaise (1623–62)<br/>Peano, Giuseppe (1858–1932)<br/>Pearson, Karl (1857–36)<br/>Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839–1914)<br/>Peripatetic<br/>Personal Identity<br/>Peter Lombard (c.1095–c.1160)<br/>Peter of Spain<br/>Phenomenalism<br/>Phenomenology<br/>Philosophy of Mind<br/>Philosophy of Science<br/>Physicalism<br/>Plato (c.427–347 BC)<br/>Plotinus (205–70)<br/>Political Economy<br/>Political Philosophy<br/>Popper, Karl R. (1902–94)<br/>Porphyry (c.232–c.305)<br/>Positivism<br/>Postmodernism<br/>Post-structuralism<br/>Pragmatism<br/>Predestination<br/>Prescriptivism<br/>Pre-Socratics<br/>Price, Henry Habberley (1899–1984)<br/>Price, Richard (1723–91)<br/>Prichard, Harold Arthur (1871–1947)<br/>Probability<br/>Proclus<br/>Protagoras<br/>Psychoanalysis<br/>Putnam, Hilary (1926– )<br/>Pyrrho of Elis (c.360–c.270 BC)<br/>Pythagoras<br/>Pythagoreans<br/>Q<br/>Qualities<br/>Quantum Mechanics<br/>Quine, Willard V. O. (1908–2000)<br/>Quinton, Anthony (1925– )<br/>R<br/>Ramsey, Frank P. (1903–30)<br/>Rationalism<br/>Rawls, John (1921–2002)<br/>Realism<br/>Reductio ad absurdum<br/>Reid, Thomas (1710–96)<br/>Reification<br/>Relativism<br/>Relativity<br/>Religion<br/>Ricoeur, Paul (1913– )<br/>Rights<br/>Rorty, Richard (1931– )<br/>Ross,W.David (1877–1971)<br/>Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78)<br/>Royce, Josiah (1855–1916)<br/>Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872–1970)<br/>Ryle, Gilbert (1900–76)<br/>S<br/>Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de (1760–1825)<br/>Santayana, George (1863–1952)<br/>Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80)<br/>Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913)<br/>Scepticism<br/>Sceptics<br/>Schelling, Friedrich W. J. (1775–1854)<br/>Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott (1864–1937)<br/>Schiller, Friedrich (1759–1805)<br/>Schleiermacher, Friedrich (1768–1834)<br/>Schlick, Friedrich Albert Moritz (1882–1936)<br/>Scholasticism<br/>Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860)<br/>Scotus, John Duns (c.1266–1308)<br/>Searle, John (1932– )<br/>Sellars, Wilfrid (1912–89)<br/>Semiology<br/>Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (c.5 BC–AD 65)<br/>Sense-data<br/>Sextus Empiricus<br/>Shaftesbury, Earl of (1671–1713)<br/>Sidgwick, Henry (1828–1900)<br/>Siger of Brabant (c.1235–81)<br/>Singer, Peter (1946– )<br/>Smith, Adam (1723–90)<br/>Social Contract<br/>Socrates (469–399 BC)<br/>Solipsism<br/>Sophists<br/>Speech Acts<br/>Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)<br/>Speusippus<br/>Spinoza, Benedict de (1632–77)<br/>Stevenson, Charles Leslie (1908–79)<br/>Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828)<br/>Stoicism<br/>Strawson, Peter Frederick (1919– )<br/>Structuralism<br/>Subjectivism<br/>Substance<br/>Syllogism<br/>Synthetic<br/>T<br/>Tarski, Alfred (1902–83)<br/>Taylor, Alfred Edward (1869–1945)<br/>Taylor, Charles (1931– )<br/>Teleological Argument<br/>Thales of Miletus<br/>Theism<br/>Theophrastus (c.370–c.286 BC)<br/>Thomism<br/>Thomas of Sutton<br/>Toulmin, Stephen Edelston (1922– )<br/>Transcendent<br/>Transcendental Arguments<br/>Translation<br/>Truth<br/>Turing, Alan (1912–54)<br/>U<br/>Universals<br/>Urmson, James O. (1915– )<br/>Utilitarianism<br/>V<br/>Vaihinger, Hans (1852–1933)<br/>Vegetarianism<br/>Venn, John (1834–1923)<br/>Verification Principle<br/>Vienna Circle<br/>Vitoria, Francisco de (c.1490–1546)<br/>Virtue Ethics<br/>Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de (1694–1778)<br/>W<br/>Ward, James (1843–1925)<br/>Weil, Simone (1909–43)<br/>Whewell, William (1794–1866)<br/>Whitehead,Alfred North (1861– 1947)<br/>William of Ockham (c.1285–1347)<br/>Williams, Bernard A. O. (1929–2003)<br/>Wilson, John Cook (1849–1915)<br/>Wisdom, (Arthur) John Terence Dibben (1904–93)<br/>Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann (1889–1951)<br/>Wolff, Christian (1679–1750)<br/>X<br/>Xenophanes<br/>Z<br/>Zeno of Citium (c.333–262 BC)<br/>Zeno of Elea |
