Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit Not Fat
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TextLanguage: English Publication details: Paris : OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 2010.Edition: 1st edDescription: 276 p. : ill. ; 24 cmISBN: - 9786612896606
- 614.593 SAS
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| 614.5 NEL Infectious disease epidemiology : | 614.532 WEB Humanity's burden : | 614.532 WEB Humanity's burden : | 614.593 SAS Obesity and the Economics of Prevention : Fit Not Fat | 615 JAP The pharmacopoeia of Japan / | 615 PAS நலம் தரும் விரல் வழி மருத்துவம் | 615 PHI மேயோ கிளினிக் உடல்நலக் கையேடு: |
Table of Contents Cover
Abbreviationsp. 13
Executive Summaryp. 15
Chapter 1 Introduction: Obesity and the Economics of Preventionp. 23
Obesity: The extent of the problemp. 24
Obesity, health and longevityp. 26
The economic costs of obesityp. 28
The implications for social welfare and the role of preventionp. 30
What economic analyses can contributep. 32
The book's main conclusionsp. 38
Overview of the remaining chaptersp. 42
Key messagesp. 44
Bibliographyp. 44
Special Focus I Promoting Health and Fighting Chronic Diseases: What Impact on the Economy?p. 49
Marc Suhrcke
Chapter 2 Obesity: Past and Projected Future Trendsp. 57
Obesity in the OECD and beyondp. 58
Measuring obesityp. 59
Historical trends in height, weight and obesityp. 61
Cohort patterns in overweight and obesityp. 65
Projections of obesity rates up to 2020p. 67
Key messagesp. 74
Notesp. 75
Bibliographyp. 76
Chapter 3 The Social Dimensions of Obesityp. 79
Obesity in different social groupsp. 80
Obesity in men and womenp. 80
Obesity at different agesp. 81
Obesity and socio-economic conditionp. 82
Obesity in different racial and ethnic groupsp. 95
Does Obesity affect employment, wages and productivity?p. 97
Key messagesp. 102
Bibliographyp. 103
Special Focus II The Size and Risks of the International Epidemic of Child Obesityp. 107
Tim Lobstein
Chapter 4 How Does Obesity Spread?p. 115
The determinants of health and diseasep. 116
The main driving forces behind the epidemicp. 121
Market failures in lifestyle choicesp. 122
The social multiplier effect: Clustering of obesity within households, peer groups and social networksp. 129
Key messagesp. 134
Bibliographyp. 135
Special Focus III Are Health Behaviors Driven by Information?p. 141
Donald Kenkel
Chapter 5 Tackling Obesity: The Roles of Governments and Marketsp. 147
What can governments do to improve the quality of our choices?p. 148
Government policies on diet and physical activity in the OECD areap. 154
Private sector responses: Are markets adjusting to the new challenges?p. 158
Key messagesp. 161
Bibliographyp. 162
Special Focus IV Community Interventions for the Prevention of Obesityp. 165
Francesco Branca
Chapter 6 The Impact of Interventionsp. 175
What interventions really work?p. 176
Cost-effectiveness analysis: A generalised approachp. 186
Effects of the interventions on obesity, health and life expectancyp. 189
The costs and cost-effectiveness of interventionsp. 194
Strategies involving multiple interventionsp. 198
Distributional impacts of preventive interventionsp. 201
From modelling to policy: Key drivers of successp. 203
Key messagesp. 205
Notesp. 206
Bibliographyp. 207
Special Focus V Regulation of Food Advertising to Children: the UK Experiencep. 211
Jonathan Porter
Special Focus VI The Case for Self-Regulation in Food Advertisingp. 217
Stephan Loerke
Chapter 7 Information, Incentives and Choice: A Viable Approach to Preventing Obesityp. 221
Tackling the obesity problemp. 222
Populations or individuals?p. 223
Changing social normsp. 225
A multi-stakeholder approachp. 228
How much individual choice?p. 232
Key messagesp. 234
Bibliographyp. 235
Annex A Supplementary Figures and Tablesp. 237
Annex B Author's and Contributors' Biographiesp. 263
Tables
SFII.1p. 110
A.1 Description of the national health survey data used in the analyses reported in Chapters 2 and 3p. 238
A.2 Main input parameters used in CDP model-based analyses and relevant sourcesp. 243
A.3 Costs and coverage of selected preventive interventionsp. 249
A.4 Magnitude of health gains associated with preventive interventions (population per DALY/LY gained)p. 250
Figures
2.1 Obesity and overweight in OECD and non-OECD countriesp. 60
2.2 Age-standardised obesity rates, age 15-64, selected OECD countriesp. 63
2.3 Age-standardised overweight rates, age 15-64, selected OECD countriesp. 64
2.4 Cohort patterns in obesity and overweight in selected OECD countriesp. 67
2.5 Changes over time in the BMI distribution in the BMI distribution in Australia and Englandp. 69
2.6 Past and projected future rates of obesity and overweight, age 15-74, selected OECD countriesp. 70
2.7 Past and projected future rates of child obesity and overwieght, age 3-17, in four OECD countriesp. 73
3.1 Obesity and overweight by age in six OECD countriesp. 82
3.2 Obesity by education level in four OECD countriesp. 85
3.3 Years spent in full-time education according to obesity status at age 20, France, population aged 25-65p. 87
3.4 Disparities in obesity and overweight by education level, selected OECD countriesp. 93
3.5 Disparities in obesity and overweight by household income or occupation-based social class, selected OECD countriesp. 94
3.6 Obesity and overweight by ethnic group in England (adults)p. 95
3.7 Obesity and overweight by ethnic group in the United States (adults)p. 96
3.8 Obesity and overweight by ethnic group in England (children 3-17)p. 97
3.9 Obesity and overweight by ethnic group in the United States (children 3-17)p. 97
SFII.1 Estimated prevalence of child overweight in OECD member states and associated countriesp. 108
SFII.2 Trends in prevalence of overweight among children in England, France and United States (obese only)p. 110
4.1 Child obesity and overweight by parents' obesity statusp. 132
4.2 BMI correlation between spouses and between mothers and childrenp. 133
4.3 BMI Correlation in couples of different agesp. 133
5.1 Interventions in OECD and other EU countries by typep. 156
5.2 Interventions in OECD and other EU countries by sectorp. 157
6.1 Health outcomes at the population level (average effects per year)p. 191
6.2 Cumulative DALYs saved over timep. 192
6.3 Effects of selected interventions in different age groupsp. 193
6.4 Cumulative impact on health expenditure over timep. 194
6.5 Economic impact at the population level (average effects per year)p. 195
6.6 Cost-effectiveness of interventions over timep. 197
6.7 Estimated impacts of a multiple-intervention strategy (average effects per year)p. 200
SFVI.1 A blueprint for marketing policies on food advertisingp. 218
A.1 Obesity by household income or occupation-based social class, selected OECD countriesp. 239
A.2 Overweight by household income or occupation-based social class, selected OECD countriesp. 240
A.3 Obesity by education level, selected OECD countriesp. 241
A.4 Overweight by education level, selected OECD countriesp. 242
A.5 Cumulative DALYs saved over time (per million population)p. 251
A.6 Cumulative impact on health expenditure over timep. 253
A.7 Cumulative DALYs saved with a multiple-intervention strategy over timep. 255
A.8 Cumulative impact on health expenditure of a multiple-intervention strategy over timep. 255
A.9 Cost-effectiveness of a multiple-intervention strategy over timep. 256
A.10 Canada: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 30 yearsp. 257
A.11 England: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 30 yearsp. 257
A.12 Italy: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 30 yearsp. 258
A.13 Japan: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 30 yearsp. 258
A.14 Mexico: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 30 yearsp. 259
A.15 Canada: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 100 yearsp. 259
A.16 England: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 100 yearsp. 260
A.17 Italy: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 100 yearsp. 260
A.18 Japan: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 100 yearsp. 261
A.19 Mexico: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions at 100 yearsp. 261
Obesity has risen to the top of the public health policy agenda in OECD countries. There is a popular perception that explanations for the obesity epidemic are simple and solutions are within easy reach. When looking at the data in more detail, however, a more complicated picture emerges. Simply finding objective evidence on the phenomenon is a difficult task for policymakers, health professionals, and academics who are trying to understand the epidemic and devise strategies to counter it.
Fit not Fat aims to contribute to evidence-based policymaking by examining multiple dimensions of the obesity problem. Answers to even the most basic questions economists would ask, such as the link between obesity and well-being or whether combating obesity is cost-effective, require inputs from a range of disciplines. The book analyzes the respective roles and influence of market forces and governments. It outlines an economic approach to the prevention of chronic diseases that provides additional insights relative to a more traditional public health approach.
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