Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Content and Structure
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
1 Introduction to Python Programming
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance
1.3 Limitations of Python
1.4 Python Impressions
1.5 How to Run Python
1.5.1 From the Command Line
1.5.2 From the Integrated Development Environment (IDLE)
1.6 Internal Working of Python
1.7 Comments in Python
1.8 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
2 Basics of Python Programming
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Identifiers
2.2.1 Rules to Declare the Identifier
2.2.2 Characteristics of the Identifier
2.3 Reserved Keywords
2.4 Literals
2.5 Fundamental Data Types
2.5.1 Integer Numbers
2.5.2 Floating Point Numbers
2.5.3 Complex Numbers
2.5.4 Boolean Type
2.5.5 String Type
2.6 Base Conversion
2.7 Type Casting
2.7.1 Integer: Int()
2.7.2 Floating Point: Float()
2.7.3 Complex Numbers: Complex()
2.7.4 Boolean: Bool()
2.7.5 String: Str()
2.7.6 Bytes Data Type: Bytes()
2.7.7 Byte Array Data Type: Bytearray()
2.7.8 List Data Type: List[]
2.7.9 Tuple Data Type: Tuple()
2.7.10 Range Data Type: Range()
2.7.11 Set Data Type: Set{}
2.7.12 Frozenset Data Type: Frozenset()
2.7.13 Dictionary Data Type: Dict{}
2.7.14 None Data Type: None
2.8 Escape Characters
2.9 Input() Function
2.10 Evaluate: Eval() Function
2.11 Command Line Arguments
2.12 Print: Print() Function
2.13 Delete Statement
2.14 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
3 Operators in Python
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Operators
3.2.1 Arithmetic Operators
3.2.2 Relational Operators
3.2.3 Logical Operators
3.2.4 Bitwise Operators
3.2.5 Assignment Operators
3.2.6 Ternary Operator or Conditional Operator
3.2.7 Special Operators
3.2.7.1 Identity Operator
3.2.7.2 Membership Operator
3.3 Operator Precedence
3.4 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
4 Control Flow in Python
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conditional Statements
4.2.1 If Statement
4.2.2 If-Else Statement
4.2.3 If-Elif-Else Statement
4.3 Iterative Statements
4.3.1 For Loop
4.3.2 While Loop
4.3.3 Nested Loops
4.4 Transfer Statements
4.4.1 Break Statement
4.4.2 Continue Statement
4.4.3 Pass Statement
4.5 Loops with Else Block
4.6 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
5 Strings
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Multiline String Literals
5.3 Accessing Characters of String
5.3.1 By Using Index
5.3.2 By Using Slice Operator
5.3.2.1 Behavior of Slice Operator
5.3.2.2 Slice Operator Case Study
5.4 Mathematical Operators for Strings
5.5 Len() Function
5.6 Checking Membership
5.7 String Operations
5.7.1 Comparison of Strings
5.7.2 Removing Spaces from a String
5.7.3 Finding Sub-strings
5.7.4 Index()
5.7.5 Methods to Count Sub-string in the Main String
5.7.6 Replacing a String with Another String
5.7.7 Splitting of Strings
5.7.8 Method to Join the Strings
5.7.9 Methods to Change the Case of a String
5.7.10 Method to Check the Start and End Part of String
5.7.11 Methods for Checking the Type of Characters
5.8 Formatting of the Strings
5.8.1 Case 1:Formatting (Default, Positional, and Keyword Arguments)
5.8.2 Case 2: Formatting of Numbers
5.8.3 Case 3: Formatting for Signed Numbers
5.8.4 Case 4: Number Formatting with Alignment
5.8.5 Case 5: String Formatting with Format()
5.8.6 Case 6: Truncating Strings Using Format() Method
5.8.7 Case 7: Formatting Dictionary Members Using Format() Method
5.8.8 Case 8: Formatting Class Members Using Format() Method
5.8.9 Case 9: Dynamic Formatting Using Format()
5.8.10 Case 10: Dynamic Float Format Template
5.8.11 Case 11: Formatting Date Values
5.8.12 Case 12: Formatting Complex Numbers
5.9 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
6 Data Structures in Python
6.1 Introduction
6.2 List
6.2.1 Creation of List Objects
6.2.1.1 With Dynamic Input
6.2.1.2 With List() Function
6.2.1.3 With Split() Function
6.2.2 Accessing Elements of a List
6.2.2.1 By Using an Index
6.2.2.2 By Using a Slice Operator
6.2.3 List vs Mutability
6.2.4 Traversing the Elements of a List
6.2.4.1 By Using the While Loop
6.2.4.2 By Using the For Loop
6.2.5 Important Functions of a List
6.2.5.1 To Get Information about a List
6.2.5.2 Manipulating Elements of a List
6.2.5.3 Ordering Elements of a List
6.2.6 Aliasing and Cloning of List Objects
6.2.6.1 By Using the Slice Operator
6.2.6.2 By Using the Copy() Function
6.2.7 Using Mathematical Operators for List Objects
6.2.7.1 Concatenation Operator (+)
6.2.7.2 Repetition Operator (*)
6.2.8 Comparing List Objects
6.2.9 Membership Operators
6.2.10 Clear() Function
6.2.11 Nested List
6.2.12 List Comprehensions
6.3 Tuple
6.3.1 Tuple Creation
6.3.2 Accessing Elements of a Tuple
6.3.2.1 By Using the Index
6.3.2.2 By Using the Slice Operator
6.3.3 Tuple vs Immutability
6.3.4 Mathematical Operators for a Tuple
6.3.5 Important Functions of a Tuple
6.3.6 Tuple Packing and Unpacking
6.3.7 Tuple Comprehension
6.4 Set
6.4.1 Creation of Set Objects
6.4.2 Important Functions of a Set
6.4.3 Mathematical Operations on a Set
6.4.4 Set Comprehension
6.5 Dictionary
6.5.1 Creating a Dictionary
6.5.2 Accessing Data from a Dictionary
6.5.3 Updating a Dictionary
6.5.4 Deleting Elements from a Dictionary
6.5.5 Important Functions of a Dictionary
6.5.6 Dictionary Comprehension
6.6 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
7 Functions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Functions
7.2.1 Built-in Functions
7.2.2 User-Defined Functions
7.3 Return Statement
7.4 Arguments in a Function
7.4.1 Positional Arguments
7.4.2 Keyword Arguments
7.4.3 Default Arguments
7.4.4 Variable Length Arguments
7.5 Scope of Variables
7.5.1 Global Variables
7.5.2 Local Variables
7.6 Global Keyword
7.7 Recursive Function
7.8 Lambda Function
7.9 Filter() Function
7.10 Map() Function
7.11 Reduce() Function
7.12 Function Aliasing
7.13 Nested Functions
7.14 Decorator Functions
7.14.1 Calling of a Same Function Using and without Using a Decorator
7.14.2 Decorator Chaining
7.15 Generator Functions
7.16 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
8 Modules
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Module Aliasing
8.3 Member Aliasing
8.4 Reloading a Module
8.5 Dir() Function
8.6 Math Module
8.7 Random Module
8.8 Packages
8.9 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
9 Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Class
9.3 Object
9.4 Self Variable
9.5 Constructor
9.6 Types of Variables
9.6.1 Instance Variables
9.6.1.1 Declaring Instance Variables
9.6.1.2 Accessing Instance Variables
9.6.1.3 Deleting Instance Variables
9.6.2 Static Variables
9.6.2.1 Declaration of Static Variables
9.6.2.2 Accessing Static Variables
9.6.2.3 Deleting Static Variables
9.6.3 Local Variables
9.7 Types of Methods
9.7.1 Instance Methods
9.7.2 Class Methods
9.7.3 Static Methods
9.8 Setter and Getter Methods
9.9 Passing Members of One Class to Other Class
9.10 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
10 Advanced Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Inner Class
10.3 Garbage Collection
10.4 Destructor
10.5 Finding the Number of References of an Object
10.6 Encapsulation
10.7 Inheritance
10.7.1 By Composition (HAS-A Relationship)
10.7.2 By Inheritance (IS-A Relationship)
10.8 Aggregation vs Composition
10.9 Inheritance
10.9.1 Single Inheritance
10.9.2 Multilevel Inheritance
10.9.3 Hierarchical Inheritance
10.9.4 Multiple Inheritances
10.9.5 Hybrid Inheritance
10.9.6 Cyclic Inheritance
10.10 Method Resolution Order (MRO)
10.11 Super() Method
10.11.1 Calling Method of a Specific Super Class
10.12 Polymorphism
10.12.1 Duck Typing Philosophy
10.12.2 Overloading
10.12.2.1 Operator Overloading
10.12.2.2 Method Overloading
10.12.2.3 Constructor Overloading
10.12.3 Overriding
10.12.3.1 Method Overriding
10.13 Abstract Class
10.14 Abstract Method
10.15 Interface
10.15.1 Concrete Class vs Abstract Class vs Interface
10.15.2 Public, Protected, and Private Attributes
10.16 __str__() Method
10.17 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
11 Exception Handling
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Types of Error
11.3 Exception
11.4 Default Exception Handling
11.5 Customized Exception Handling: Using Try-Except
11.6 Multiple Except Blocks
11.6.1 Multiple Exceptions in a Single Except Block
11.6.2 Default Except Block
11.7 The Finally Block
11.7.1 Control Flow in Try-Except-Finally
11.8 Nested Try-Except-Finally Block
11.8.1 Control Flow in Nested Try-Except-Finally Block
11.8.2 Else Block with Try-Except-Finally
11.9 Types of Exception
11.10 Raise User-Defined Exception
11.11 Assertion
11.12 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
12 File Handling
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Opening and Closing a File
12.1.2 Attributes of a File Object
12.1.3 Writing and Reading Data to Text Files
12.2 With Statement
12.3 The Seek() and Tell() Methods
12.3.1 Tell() Method
12.3.2 Seek() Method
12.4 Testing the Existence of a File
12.5 Handling Binary Data
12.6 Handling CSV Files
12.6.1 Writing Data to a CSV File
12.6.2 Reading Data from a CSV File
12.7 Zipping and Unzipping Files
12.7.1 To Create a Zip File
12.7.2 To Perform Unzip Operations
12.8 Directory
12.8.1 Operations on a Directory
12.9 To Get Information about a File
12.9.1 Displaying Statistics of a File
12.9.2 To Print Specified Properties
12.10 Pickling and Unpickling of Objects
12.10.1 Reading and Writing the State-of-Objects
12.10.2 Writing Multiple Objects
12.11 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
13 Multithreading
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Ways of Creating a Thread
13.2.1 Creation of a Thread without Using any Class
13.2.2 Creation of a Thread by Extending the Thread Class
13.2.3 Creation of a Thread without Extending the Thread Class
13.3 Setting and Getting Name of a Thread
13.4 Thread Identification Number
13.5 Active_count() Function
13.6 Enumerate Function
13.7 IsAlive() Method
13.8 Join() Method
13.9 Daemon Thread
13.10 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
Reference
14 Synchronization
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 By Using the Lock Concept
14.1.2 By Using RLock
14.1.3 By Using Semaphore
14.2 Inter-Thread Communication
14.2.1 By Using Event Objects
14.2.2 By Using a Condition Object
14.2.3 By Using Queue
14.3 Variants of Queues
14.3.1 First-In-First-Out Queue
14.3.2 Last-In-First-Out Queue
14.3.3 Priority Queue
14.4 Usage of Locks
14.5 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
References
15 Regular Expressions and Web Scraping
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Character Classes
15.1.2 Pre-defined Character Classes
15.1.3 Quantifiers
15.2 Functions of Re Module
15.2.1 Match()
15.2.2 Fullmatch()
15.2.3 Search()
15.2.4 Findall()
15.2.5 Finditer()
15.2.6 Sub()
15.2.7 Subn()
15.2.8 Split()
15.2.9 ^ Symbol
15.2.10 $ Symbol
15.3 Web Scraping
15.4 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignment
References
16 Database Programming
16.1 Introduction
16.2 File System
16.3 Database
16.3.1 Python Database Programming
16.3.2 Working with the Oracle Database
16.3.3 Working with the MySQL Database
16.4 Conclusion
Review Questions
Programming Assignments
Reference
Appendix A: Mini Projects
Appendix B: Socket Programming in Python
Appendix C: Parallel Processing in Python
Index

Python Programming
A Practical Approach
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