Psychology and crime / Aidan Sammons and David Putwain

HB

1 Introduction; The origins of criminological psychology; Applying psychological principles to crime; Forensic psychology; Aims, organisation and content of this book; 2 Defining and measuring crime; What is a crime? What is a criminal?; The legalistic approach; The deviance approach; Variables associated with criminality; Age; Gender; Socio-economic status; Race and ethnicity; Measuring crime; Official crime statistics; Victimisation surveys; Offender surveys; Trends in crime; Victimisation; Property crime; Violent crime. Intimate violence and sexual crimeRepeat victimisation; Effects of victimisation; Fear of crime; Chapter summary; Further reading; 3 Biologically oriented explanations of offending; Biological differences between offenders and non-offenders; Low heart rate; Brain structure and functioning; Brain chemistry; Influences on the nervous system; Genetics; Genetic influences and evolution; Environmental toxins: lead pollution; Traumatic brain injury; Adverse childhood experiences; Biopsychology and offending: general considerations; Chapter summary; Further reading. 4 Psychologically oriented explanations of offendingPsychodynamic theories; Attachment, delinquency and offending; Eysenck's personality theory; Psychopathy; Moral development; Social cognition; Cognitive and emotional deficits; Moral disengagement; Rational choice theory; Chapter summary; Further reading; 5 Socially oriented explanations of offending; Social learning theory; The influence of TV, films and videogames; Labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy; Social identity theory; Poverty; Neighbourhood influences; Chapter summary; Further reading; 6 Psychology and police investigations. The processing of forensic evidencePolice interviews; The standard interview procedure; Cognitive interviewing; Interrogation of suspects; False confessions; Ethical interviewing and the PEACE model; Offender profiling; Types of profiling; Crime scene analysis; Clinical profiling; Geographical profiling; Investigative psychology; Does profiling work?; Chapter summary; Further reading; 7 Witness testimony; Cognitive processes and witness testimony; Weapon focus; Contamination by post-event information; Emotional arousal; Child witnesses; Identity parades (lineups); Facial composites. Chapter summaryFurther reading; 8 Courtroom processes; Trial procedures; Juries; Jury size and composition; Jury deliberation; Influences on jury decisions; Persuasion by trial lawyers; The Yale Model; Systematic versus heuristic processing; Storytelling in court; Courtroom evidence; Pretrial publicity; Defendant characteristics; Attractiveness; Gender; Race/ethnicity; Death penalty decisions; Issues arising from mock jury research; Chapter summary; Further reading; 9 Judicial responses to offending; Imprisonment; Does prison work?; Retribution; Incapacitation; Deterrence; Reform.

Analysing psychological theories about the offender, this work considers society's response to crime, including the role of the police and the courts, and finally examines methods of crime prevention.