The complex and hard-fought movement for political freedom in India coincided with the rise of a wealthy capitalist class of Indian industrialists who had profited under British rule. By 1947, these prominent businessmen had forged a partnership with the socialist-led Indian National Congress, and supported Jawaharlal Nehru's implementation of a centrally-planned economy. In this political history of modern India, David Lockwood traces the roots of this capitalist class, concentrated in Bombay, Calcutta and the west Bengal coal mining region, and examines British economic policy in the nineteenth century. Indian capitalists, such as J.R.D Tata of Tata Steel, established powerful relationships with domestic governments throughout the period, holding indigenous industrial conferences and supporting the swadeshi movement which aimed to promote Indian-manufactured goods. The Indian Bourgeoisie is a unique and important contribution to the lively debate on the role of India's capitalists during the Raj and throughout the early years of independence.

Acknowledgements – vi
Introduction – 1
Chapter One: Industry and Industrialists before 1914 – 8
Chapter Two: The Great War – 30
Chapter Three: Industrialisation Abandoned – 52
Chapter Four: Empire – 73
Chapter Five: Protection and Development: State and Bourgeoisie in the Inter-War Period – 93
Chapter Six: Congress and the Bourgeoisie: Inter-War Politics – 126
Chapter Seven: The Second World War – 149
Chapter Eight: Planning and Partition – 174
Conclusion – 195
Notes – 199
Bibliography – 292
Index – 310