Genetics essentials : concepts and connections / Benjamin Pierce.

By:

Material type:

TextLanguage: English Publication details: Macmillan, 2021.Edition: Fifth editionDescription: xxi, 524, 18, 23 pages ; 28 cmISBN:

9781319244927
1319244920

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

572.86 23 PIE

Contents:

About this Book Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents in Brief Contents Letter from the Author Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics 1.1 Genetics Is Important to Us Individually, to Society, and to the Study of Biology The Role of Genetics in Biology Genetic Diversity and Evolution Divisions of Genetics Model Genetic Organisms 1.2 Humans Have Been Using Genetic Techniques for Thousands of Years The Early Use and Understanding of Heredity The Rise of the Science of Genetics The Cutting Edge of Genetics 1.3 A Few Fundamental Concepts Are Important for the Start of Our Journey into Genetics Chapter 1 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Chapter 1 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 2 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction 2.1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Differ in a Number of Genetic Characteristics 2.2 Cell Reproduction Requires the Copying of the Genetic Material, Separation of the Copies, and Cell Division Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction by Binary Fission Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Genetic Consequences of the Cell Cycle 2.3 Sexual Reproduction Produces Genetic Variation Through the Process of Meiosis Meiosis Sources of Genetic Variation in Meiosis The Separation of Sister Chromatids and Homologous Chromosomes Meiosis in the Life Cycles of Animals and Plants Chapter 2 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 2 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Heredity 3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity Mendel’s Success Genetic Terminology 3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance What Monohybrid Crosses Reveal The Molecular Nature of Alleles Predicting the Outcomes of Genetic Crosses The Testcross Genetic Symbols 3.3 Dihybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Independent Assortment Dihybrid Crosses The Principle of Independent Assortment Relating the Principle of Independent Assortment to Meiosis Applying Probability and the Branch Diagram to Dihybrid Crosses The Dihybrid Testcross 3.4 Observed Ratios of Progeny May Deviate from Expected Ratios by Chance The Chi-Square (χ2) Goodness-of-Fit Test 3.5 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans Symbols Used in Pedigrees Analysis of Pedigrees Chapter 3 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 3 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 4 Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles 4.1 Sex Is Determined by a Number of Different Mechanisms Chromosomal Sex-Determining Systems Genic Sex Determination Environmental Sex Determination Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster Sex Determination in Humans 4.2 Sex-Linked Characteristics Are Determined by Genes on the Sex Chromosomes X-Linked White Eyes in Drosophila X-Linked Color Blindness in Humans Symbols for X-Linked Genes Dosage Compensation Y-Linked Characteristics 4.3 Additional Factors at a Single Locus Can Affect the Results of Genetic Crosses Types of Dominance Penetrance and Expressivity Lethal Alleles Multiple Alleles 4.4 Gene Interaction Takes Place When Genes at Multiple Loci Determine a Single Phenotype Gene Interaction That Produces Novel Phenotypes Gene Interaction with Epistasis Complementation: Determining Whether Mutations Are at the Same Locus or at Different Loci 4.5 Sex Influences the Inheritance and Expression of Genes in a Variety of Ways Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Characteristics Cytoplasmic Inheritance Genetic Maternal Effect Genomic Imprinting 4.6 The Expression of a Genotype May Be Influenced by Environmental Effects Environmental Effects on the Phenotype The Inheritance of Continuous Characteristics Chapter 4 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 4 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Question Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 5 Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping 5.1 Linked Genes Do Not Assort Independently 5.2 Linked Genes Segregate Together, While Crossing Over Produces Recombination Between Them Notation for Crosses with Linkage Complete Linkage Compared with Independent Assortment Crossing Over Between Linked Genes Calculating Recombination Frequency Coupling and Repulsion Predicting the Outcomes of Crosses with Linked Genes Testing for Independent Assortment Gene Mapping with Recombination Frequencies Constructing a Genetic Map with a Two-Point Testcross 5.3 A Three-Point Testcross Can Be Used to Map Three Linked Genes Constructing a Genetic Map with a Three-Point Testcross Effects of Multiple Crossovers Mapping with Molecular Markers 5.4 Locating Genes with Genome-Wide Association Studies Chapter 5 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 5 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Question Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 6 Chromosome Variation 6.1 Chromosome Mutations Include Rearrangements, Aneuploidy, and Polyploidy Chromosome Morphology Types of Chromosome Mutations 6.2 Chromosome Rearrangements Alter Chromosome Structure Duplications Deletions Inversions Translocations Fragile Sites Copy-Number Variations 6.3 Aneuploidy Is an Increase or a Decrease in the Number of Individual Chromosomes Types of Aneuploidy Effects of Aneuploidy Aneuploidy in Humans 6.4 Polyploidy Is the Presence of More Than Two Sets of Chromosomes Autopolyploidy Allopolyploidy The Significance of Polyploidy The Importance of Polyploidy in Evolution Chapter 6 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 6 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 7 Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems 7.1 Bacteria and Viruses Have Important Roles in Human Society and the World Ecosystem Bacterial Diversity 7.2 The Genetic Analysis of Bacteria Requires Special Methods Techniques for the Study of Bacteria The Bacterial Genome Plasmids 7.3 Bacteria Exchange Genes Through Conjugation, Transformation, and Transduction Conjugation Natural Gene Transfer and Antibiotic Resistance Transformation in Bacteria Bacterial Genome Sequences 7.4 Bacterial Defense Mechanisms Restriction-Modification Systems CRISPR-Cas Systems Model Genetic Organism 7.5 Viruses Are Simple Replicating Systems Amenable to Genetic Analysis Techniques for the Study of Bacteriophages Transduction Gene Mapping in Phages Plant and Animal Viruses Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS Influenza COVID-19 and Coronaviruses Chapter 7 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 7 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 8 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene 8.1 The Genetic Material Possesses Several Key Characteristics 8.2 All Genetic Information Is Encoded in the Structure of DNA or RNA Early Studies of DNA DNA as the Source of Genetic Information Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Three-Dimensional Structure of DNA 8.3 DNA Consists of Two Complementary and Antiparallel Nucleotide Strands That Form a Double Helix The Primary Structure of DNA Secondary Structures of DNA 8.4 Large Amounts of DNA Are Packed into a Cell Supercoiling The Bacterial Chromosome Eukaryotic Chromosomes 8.5 Eukaryotic Chromosomes Possess Centromeres and Telomeres Centromere Structure Telomere Structure 8.6 Eukaryotic DNA Contains Several Classes of Sequence Variation Types of DNA Sequences in Eukaryotes Organization of Genetic Information in Eukaryotes Chapter 8 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 8 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 9 DNA Replication and Recombination 9.1 Genetic Information Must Be Accurately Copied Every Time a Cell Divides 9.2 All DNA Replication Takes Place in a Semiconservative Manner Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment Modes of Replication Requirements of Replication Direction of Replication 9.3 Bacterial Replication Requires a Large Number of Enzymes and Proteins Initiation Unwinding Elongation Termination The Fidelity of DNA Replication 9.4 Eukaryotic DNA Replication Is Similar to Bacterial Replication but Differs in Several Aspects Eukaryotic Origins of Replication The Licensing of DNA Replication Unwinding Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases Replication at the Ends of Chromosomes Replication in Archaea 9.5 Recombination Takes Place Through the Alignment, Breakage, and Repair of DNA Strands Chapter 9 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 9 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 10 From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing 10.1 RNA, Consisting of a Single Strand of Ribonucleotides, Participates in a Variety of Cellular Functions An Early RNA World The Structure of RNA Classes of RNA 10.2 Transcription Is the Synthesis of an RNA Molecule from a DNA Template The Template The Substrate for Transcription The Transcription Apparatus 10.3 Bacterial Transcription Consists of Initiation, Elongation, and Termination Initiation Elongation Termination 10.4 Many Genes Have Complex Structures Gene Organization Introns The Concept of the Gene Revisited 10.5 Many RNA Molecules Are Modified after Transcription in Eukaryotes Messenger RNA Processing The Structure and Processing of Transfer RNA The Structure and Processing of Ribosomal RNA Small RNA Molecules and RNA Interference CRISPR RNA Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Gene Expression Chapter 10 Review Concepts Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 10 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 11 From DNA to Proteins: Translation 11.1 The Genetic Code Determines How the Nucleotide Sequence Specifies the Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein The Structure and Function of Proteins Breaking the Genetic Code Characteristics of the Genetic Code 11.2 Amino Acids Are Assembled into a Protein Through Translation The Binding of Amino Acids to Transfer RNAs The Initiation of Translation Elongation Termination 11.3 Additional Properties of Translation and Proteins Polyribosomes Folding and Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins Translation and Antibiotics Chapter 11 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 11 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 12 Control of Gene Expression 12.1 The Regulation of Gene Expression Is Critical for All Organisms Genes and Regulatory Elements Levels of Gene Regulation 12.2 Transcription in Bacterial Cells Is Regulated by Operons Operon Structure Negative and Positive Control: Inducible and Repressible Operons The lac Operon of E. coli Mutations Affecting the lac Operon Positive Control and Catabolite Repression The trp Operon of E. coli 12.3 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells Takes Place at Multiple Levels Changes in Chromatin Structure Transcription Factors Gene Regulation by RNA Processing and Degradation RNA Interference and Gene Regulation Gene Regulation in the Course of Translation and Afterward 12.4 Epigenetic Effects Influence Gene Expression Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Changes Epigenetic Effects The Epigenome Chapter 12 Review Concepts Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 12 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 13 Gene Mutations and DNA Repair 13.1 Mutations Are Inherited Alterations in the DNA Sequence The Importance of Mutations Categories of Mutations Types of Gene Mutations Functional Effects of Mutations Suppressor Mutations Mutation Rates 13.2 Mutations May Be Caused by a Number of Different Factors Spontaneous Replication Errors Spontaneous Chemical Changes Chemically Induced Mutations Radiation Detecting Mutagens with the Ames Test 13.3 Transposable Elements Can Cause Mutations General Characteristics of Transposable Elements The Process of Transposition The Mutagenic Effects of Transposition Evolutionary Significance of Transposable Elements 13.4 A Number of Pathways Repair DNA Types of DNA Repair Genetic Diseases and Faulty DNA Repair Chapter 13 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problem Chapter 13 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 14 Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology 14.1 Genetics Has Been Transformed by the Development of Molecular Techniques Key Innovations in Molecular Genetics Working at the Molecular Level 14.2 Molecular Techniques Are Used to Cut and Visualize DNA Sequences Recombinant DNA Technology Restriction Enzymes Engineered Nucleases CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Separating and Viewing DNA Fragments 14.3 Specific DNA Fragments Can Be Amplified The Polymerase Chain Reaction Gene Cloning 14.4 Molecular Techniques Can Be Used to Find Genes of Interest DNA Libraries 14.5 DNA Sequences Can Be Determined and Analyzed Dideoxy Sequencing Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies DNA Fingerprinting 14.6 Molecular Techniques Are Increasingly Used to Analyze Gene Function Forward and Reverse Genetics Transgenic Animals Knockout Mice Silencing Genes with RNAi 14.7 Biotechnology Harnesses the Power of Molecular Genetics Pharmaceutical Products Specialized Bacteria Agricultural Products Genetic Testing Gene Therapy Chapter 14 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 14 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Question Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 15 Genomics and Proteomics 15.1 Structural Genomics Determines the DNA Sequences and Organization of Entire Genomes Genetic Maps Physical Maps Sequencing an Entire Genome The Human Genome Project Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Bioinformatics Metagenomics Synthetic Biology 15.2 Functional Genomics Determines the Functions of Genes by Using Genomic Approaches Predicting Function from Sequence Gene Expression and Microarrays RNA Sequencing 15.3 Comparative Genomics Studies How Genomes Evolve Prokaryotic Genomes Eukaryotic Genomes The Human Genome 15.4 Proteomics Analyzes the Complete Set of Proteins Found in a Cell The Determination of Cellular Proteins Chapter 15 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problem Chapter 15 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 16 Cancer Genetics 16.1 Cancer Is a Group of Diseases Characterized by Cell Proliferation Tumor Formation Cancer as a Genetic Disease The Role of Environmental Factors in Cancer 16.2 Mutations in Several Types of Genes Contribute to Cancer Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes Genes That Control the Cell Cycle DNA-Repair Genes Genes That Regulate Telomerase Genes That Promote Vascularization and the Spread of Tumors Epigenetic Changes Are Often Associated with Cancer Colorectal Cancer Arises Through the Sequential Mutation of a Number of Genes 16.3 Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure Are Often Associated with Cancer 16.4 Viruses Are Associated with Some Cancers Chapter 16 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problem Chapter 16 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 17 Quantitative Genetics 17.1 Quantitative Characteristics Are Influenced by Alleles at Multiple Loci The Relation Between Genotype and Phenotype Types of Quantitative Characteristics Polygenic Inheritance Kernel Color in Wheat 17.2 Statistical Methods Are Required for Analyzing Quantitative Characteristics Distributions The Mean The Variance Applying Statistics to the Study of a Polygenic Characteristic 17.3 Heritability Is Used to Estimate the Proportion of Variation in a Trait That Is Genetic Phenotypic Variance Types of Heritability Calculating Heritability The Limitations of Heritability Locating Genes That Affect Quantitative Characteristics 17.4 Genetically Variable Traits Change in Response to Selection Predicting the Response to Selection Limits to the Response to Selection Chapter 17 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Worked Problems Chapter 17 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Chapter 18 Population and Evolutionary Genetics 18.1 Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies Are Used to Describe the Gene Pool of a Population Calculating Genotypic Frequencies Calculating Allelic Frequencies 18.2 The Hardy–Weinberg Law Describes the Effect of Reproduction on Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies Genotypic Frequencies at Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium Closer Examination of the Hardy–Weinberg Law Implications of the Hardy–Weinberg Law Testing for Hardy–Weinberg Proportions Estimating Allelic Frequencies with the Hardy–Weinberg Law Nonrandom Mating Alters Genotype Frequencies 18.3 Several Evolutionary Forces Can Change Allelic Frequencies Mutation Migration Genetic Drift Natural Selection 18.4 Evolution Occurs Through Genetic Change Within Populations Biological Evolution Evolution as a Two-Step Process Types of Evolution 18.5 New Species Arise Through the Evolution of Reproductive Isolation The Biological Species Concept Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms Modes of Speciation 18.6 The Evolutionary History of a Group of Organisms Can Be Reconstructed by Studying Changes in Homologous Characteristics Interpreting Phylogenetic Trees The Construction of Phylogenetic Trees 18.7 Patterns of Evolution Are Revealed by Molecular Changes Rates of Molecular Evolution The Molecular Clock Evolution Through Changes in Gene Regulation Genome Evolution Chapter 18 Review Chapter Summary Important Terms Answers to Concept Checks Chapter 18 Assessment Comprehension Questions Application Questions and Problems Challenge Questions Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises Glossary Answers to Selected Questions and Problems Notes Index Back Cover

Summary: Genetics Essentials Concepts and Connections With Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections, Ben Pierce presents an approachable genetics text that focuses on major genetic concepts and how they connect, giving students a foothold in a complex subject. Similar in approach to Ben Pierce’s popular and acclaimed Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, this streamlined text covers basic transmission, molecular, and population genetics in just 18 chapters, helping students uncover major concepts of genetics and make connections among those concepts as a way of gaining a richer understanding of the essentials of genetics. The new edition of Genetics Essentials is now supported in Achieve, Macmillan’s new online learning platform. The new 5th edition continues this mission by expanding upon the powerful pedagogy and tools that have made this title so successful. New question types, more learning guidelines for students, and an updated art program round out a powerful text, and improvements to the online resources in our newest platform, Achieve, give students the conceptual and problem solving understanding they need for success. Achieve is Macmillan’s new online learning platform that supports educators and students throughout the full range of instruction, including assets suitable for pre-class preparation, in-class active learning, and post-class study and assessment. The pairing of a powerful new platform with outstanding biology content provides an unrivaled learning experience.

Tags from this library: No tags from this library for this title. Log in to add tags.

Average rating: 0.0 (0 votes)

Holdings
Cover image	Item type	Current library	Home library	Collection	Shelving location	Call number	Materials specified	Vol info	URL	Copy number	Status	Notes	Date due	Barcode	Item holds	Item hold queue priority	Course reserves
	General Books	CUTN Central Library Sciences		Non-fiction		572.86 PIE (Browse shelf(Opens below))					Available			54537

About this Book
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents in Brief
Contents
Letter from the Author
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics
1.1 Genetics Is Important to Us Individually, to Society, and to the Study of Biology
The Role of Genetics in Biology
Genetic Diversity and Evolution
Divisions of Genetics
Model Genetic Organisms
1.2 Humans Have Been Using Genetic Techniques for Thousands of Years
The Early Use and Understanding of Heredity
The Rise of the Science of Genetics
The Cutting Edge of Genetics
1.3 A Few Fundamental Concepts Are Important for the Start of Our Journey into Genetics
Chapter 1 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Chapter 1 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 2 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction
2.1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Differ in a Number of Genetic Characteristics
2.2 Cell Reproduction Requires the Copying of the Genetic Material, Separation of the Copies, and Cell Division
Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction by Binary Fission
Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Genetic Consequences of the Cell Cycle
2.3 Sexual Reproduction Produces Genetic Variation Through the Process of Meiosis
Meiosis
Sources of Genetic Variation in Meiosis
The Separation of Sister Chromatids and Homologous Chromosomes
Meiosis in the Life Cycles of Animals and Plants
Chapter 2 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 2 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Heredity
3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity
Mendel’s Success
Genetic Terminology
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
What Monohybrid Crosses Reveal
The Molecular Nature of Alleles
Predicting the Outcomes of Genetic Crosses
The Testcross
Genetic Symbols
3.3 Dihybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Independent Assortment
Dihybrid Crosses
The Principle of Independent Assortment
Relating the Principle of Independent Assortment to Meiosis
Applying Probability and the Branch Diagram to Dihybrid Crosses
The Dihybrid Testcross
3.4 Observed Ratios of Progeny May Deviate from Expected Ratios by Chance
The Chi-Square (χ2) Goodness-of-Fit Test
3.5 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans
Symbols Used in Pedigrees
Analysis of Pedigrees
Chapter 3 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 3 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 4 Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles
4.1 Sex Is Determined by a Number of Different Mechanisms
Chromosomal Sex-Determining Systems
Genic Sex Determination
Environmental Sex Determination
Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster
Sex Determination in Humans
4.2 Sex-Linked Characteristics Are Determined by Genes on the Sex Chromosomes
X-Linked White Eyes in Drosophila
X-Linked Color Blindness in Humans
Symbols for X-Linked Genes
Dosage Compensation
Y-Linked Characteristics
4.3 Additional Factors at a Single Locus Can Affect the Results of Genetic Crosses
Types of Dominance
Penetrance and Expressivity
Lethal Alleles
Multiple Alleles
4.4 Gene Interaction Takes Place When Genes at Multiple Loci Determine a Single Phenotype
Gene Interaction That Produces Novel Phenotypes
Gene Interaction with Epistasis
Complementation: Determining Whether Mutations Are at the Same Locus or at Different Loci
4.5 Sex Influences the Inheritance and Expression of Genes in a Variety of Ways
Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Characteristics
Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Genetic Maternal Effect
Genomic Imprinting
4.6 The Expression of a Genotype May Be Influenced by Environmental Effects
Environmental Effects on the Phenotype
The Inheritance of Continuous Characteristics
Chapter 4 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 4 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Question
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 5 Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping
5.1 Linked Genes Do Not Assort Independently
5.2 Linked Genes Segregate Together, While Crossing Over Produces Recombination Between Them
Notation for Crosses with Linkage
Complete Linkage Compared with Independent Assortment
Crossing Over Between Linked Genes
Calculating Recombination Frequency
Coupling and Repulsion
Predicting the Outcomes of Crosses with Linked Genes
Testing for Independent Assortment
Gene Mapping with Recombination Frequencies
Constructing a Genetic Map with a Two-Point Testcross
5.3 A Three-Point Testcross Can Be Used to Map Three Linked Genes
Constructing a Genetic Map with a Three-Point Testcross
Effects of Multiple Crossovers
Mapping with Molecular Markers
5.4 Locating Genes with Genome-Wide Association Studies
Chapter 5 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 5 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Question
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 6 Chromosome Variation
6.1 Chromosome Mutations Include Rearrangements, Aneuploidy, and Polyploidy
Chromosome Morphology
Types of Chromosome Mutations
6.2 Chromosome Rearrangements Alter Chromosome Structure
Duplications
Deletions
Inversions
Translocations
Fragile Sites
Copy-Number Variations
6.3 Aneuploidy Is an Increase or a Decrease in the Number of Individual Chromosomes
Types of Aneuploidy
Effects of Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy in Humans
6.4 Polyploidy Is the Presence of More Than Two Sets of Chromosomes
Autopolyploidy
Allopolyploidy
The Significance of Polyploidy
The Importance of Polyploidy in Evolution
Chapter 6 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 6 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 7 Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems
7.1 Bacteria and Viruses Have Important Roles in Human Society and the World Ecosystem
Bacterial Diversity
7.2 The Genetic Analysis of Bacteria Requires Special Methods
Techniques for the Study of Bacteria
The Bacterial Genome
Plasmids
7.3 Bacteria Exchange Genes Through Conjugation, Transformation, and Transduction
Conjugation
Natural Gene Transfer and Antibiotic Resistance
Transformation in Bacteria
Bacterial Genome Sequences
7.4 Bacterial Defense Mechanisms
Restriction-Modification Systems
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Model Genetic Organism
7.5 Viruses Are Simple Replicating Systems Amenable to Genetic Analysis
Techniques for the Study of Bacteriophages
Transduction
Gene Mapping in Phages
Plant and Animal Viruses
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS
Influenza
COVID-19 and Coronaviruses
Chapter 7 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 7 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 8 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene
8.1 The Genetic Material Possesses Several Key Characteristics
8.2 All Genetic Information Is Encoded in the Structure of DNA or RNA
Early Studies of DNA
DNA as the Source of Genetic Information
Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Three-Dimensional Structure of DNA
8.3 DNA Consists of Two Complementary and Antiparallel Nucleotide Strands That Form a Double Helix
The Primary Structure of DNA
Secondary Structures of DNA
8.4 Large Amounts of DNA Are Packed into a Cell
Supercoiling
The Bacterial Chromosome
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
8.5 Eukaryotic Chromosomes Possess Centromeres and Telomeres
Centromere Structure
Telomere Structure
8.6 Eukaryotic DNA Contains Several Classes of Sequence Variation
Types of DNA Sequences in Eukaryotes
Organization of Genetic Information in Eukaryotes
Chapter 8 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 8 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 9 DNA Replication and Recombination
9.1 Genetic Information Must Be Accurately Copied Every Time a Cell Divides
9.2 All DNA Replication Takes Place in a Semiconservative Manner
Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment
Modes of Replication
Requirements of Replication
Direction of Replication
9.3 Bacterial Replication Requires a Large Number of Enzymes and Proteins
Initiation
Unwinding
Elongation
Termination
The Fidelity of DNA Replication
9.4 Eukaryotic DNA Replication Is Similar to Bacterial Replication but Differs in Several Aspects
Eukaryotic Origins of Replication
The Licensing of DNA Replication
Unwinding
Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases
Replication at the Ends of Chromosomes
Replication in Archaea
9.5 Recombination Takes Place Through the Alignment, Breakage, and Repair of DNA Strands
Chapter 9 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 9 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 10 From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing
10.1 RNA, Consisting of a Single Strand of Ribonucleotides, Participates in a Variety of Cellular Functions
An Early RNA World
The Structure of RNA
Classes of RNA
10.2 Transcription Is the Synthesis of an RNA Molecule from a DNA Template
The Template
The Substrate for Transcription
The Transcription Apparatus
10.3 Bacterial Transcription Consists of Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
10.4 Many Genes Have Complex Structures
Gene Organization
Introns
The Concept of the Gene Revisited
10.5 Many RNA Molecules Are Modified after Transcription in Eukaryotes
Messenger RNA Processing
The Structure and Processing of Transfer RNA
The Structure and Processing of Ribosomal RNA
Small RNA Molecules and RNA Interference
CRISPR RNA
Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Gene Expression
Chapter 10 Review
Concepts Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 10 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 11 From DNA to Proteins: Translation
11.1 The Genetic Code Determines How the Nucleotide Sequence Specifies the Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein
The Structure and Function of Proteins
Breaking the Genetic Code
Characteristics of the Genetic Code
11.2 Amino Acids Are Assembled into a Protein Through Translation
The Binding of Amino Acids to Transfer RNAs
The Initiation of Translation
Elongation
Termination
11.3 Additional Properties of Translation and Proteins
Polyribosomes
Folding and Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins
Translation and Antibiotics
Chapter 11 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 11 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 12 Control of Gene Expression
12.1 The Regulation of Gene Expression Is Critical for All Organisms
Genes and Regulatory Elements
Levels of Gene Regulation
12.2 Transcription in Bacterial Cells Is Regulated by Operons
Operon Structure
Negative and Positive Control: Inducible and Repressible Operons
The lac Operon of E. coli
Mutations Affecting the lac Operon
Positive Control and Catabolite Repression
The trp Operon of E. coli
12.3 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells Takes Place at Multiple Levels
Changes in Chromatin Structure
Transcription Factors
Gene Regulation by RNA Processing and Degradation
RNA Interference and Gene Regulation
Gene Regulation in the Course of Translation and Afterward
12.4 Epigenetic Effects Influence Gene Expression
Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Changes
Epigenetic Effects
The Epigenome
Chapter 12 Review
Concepts Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 12 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 13 Gene Mutations and DNA Repair
13.1 Mutations Are Inherited Alterations in the DNA Sequence
The Importance of Mutations
Categories of Mutations
Types of Gene Mutations
Functional Effects of Mutations
Suppressor Mutations
Mutation Rates
13.2 Mutations May Be Caused by a Number of Different Factors
Spontaneous Replication Errors
Spontaneous Chemical Changes
Chemically Induced Mutations
Radiation
Detecting Mutagens with the Ames Test
13.3 Transposable Elements Can Cause Mutations
General Characteristics of Transposable Elements
The Process of Transposition
The Mutagenic Effects of Transposition
Evolutionary Significance of Transposable Elements
13.4 A Number of Pathways Repair DNA
Types of DNA Repair
Genetic Diseases and Faulty DNA Repair
Chapter 13 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problem
Chapter 13 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 14 Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology
14.1 Genetics Has Been Transformed by the Development of Molecular Techniques
Key Innovations in Molecular Genetics
Working at the Molecular Level
14.2 Molecular Techniques Are Used to Cut and Visualize DNA Sequences
Recombinant DNA Technology
Restriction Enzymes
Engineered Nucleases
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing
Separating and Viewing DNA Fragments
14.3 Specific DNA Fragments Can Be Amplified
The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Gene Cloning
14.4 Molecular Techniques Can Be Used to Find Genes of Interest
DNA Libraries
14.5 DNA Sequences Can Be Determined and Analyzed
Dideoxy Sequencing
Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies
DNA Fingerprinting
14.6 Molecular Techniques Are Increasingly Used to Analyze Gene Function
Forward and Reverse Genetics
Transgenic Animals
Knockout Mice
Silencing Genes with RNAi
14.7 Biotechnology Harnesses the Power of Molecular Genetics
Pharmaceutical Products
Specialized Bacteria
Agricultural Products
Genetic Testing
Gene Therapy
Chapter 14 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 14 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Question
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 15 Genomics and Proteomics
15.1 Structural Genomics Determines the DNA Sequences and Organization of Entire Genomes
Genetic Maps
Physical Maps
Sequencing an Entire Genome
The Human Genome Project
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Bioinformatics
Metagenomics
Synthetic Biology
15.2 Functional Genomics Determines the Functions of Genes by Using Genomic Approaches
Predicting Function from Sequence
Gene Expression and Microarrays
RNA Sequencing
15.3 Comparative Genomics Studies How Genomes Evolve
Prokaryotic Genomes
Eukaryotic Genomes
The Human Genome
15.4 Proteomics Analyzes the Complete Set of Proteins Found in a Cell
The Determination of Cellular Proteins
Chapter 15 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problem
Chapter 15 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 16 Cancer Genetics
16.1 Cancer Is a Group of Diseases Characterized by Cell Proliferation
Tumor Formation
Cancer as a Genetic Disease
The Role of Environmental Factors in Cancer
16.2 Mutations in Several Types of Genes Contribute to Cancer
Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes
Genes That Control the Cell Cycle
DNA-Repair Genes
Genes That Regulate Telomerase
Genes That Promote Vascularization and the Spread of Tumors
Epigenetic Changes Are Often Associated with Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Arises Through the Sequential Mutation of a Number of Genes
16.3 Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure Are Often Associated with Cancer
16.4 Viruses Are Associated with Some Cancers
Chapter 16 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problem
Chapter 16 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 17 Quantitative Genetics
17.1 Quantitative Characteristics Are Influenced by Alleles at Multiple Loci
The Relation Between Genotype and Phenotype
Types of Quantitative Characteristics
Polygenic Inheritance
Kernel Color in Wheat
17.2 Statistical Methods Are Required for Analyzing Quantitative Characteristics
Distributions
The Mean
The Variance
Applying Statistics to the Study of a Polygenic Characteristic
17.3 Heritability Is Used to Estimate the Proportion of Variation in a Trait That Is Genetic
Phenotypic Variance
Types of Heritability
Calculating Heritability
The Limitations of Heritability
Locating Genes That Affect Quantitative Characteristics
17.4 Genetically Variable Traits Change in Response to Selection
Predicting the Response to Selection
Limits to the Response to Selection
Chapter 17 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Worked Problems
Chapter 17 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Chapter 18 Population and Evolutionary Genetics
18.1 Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies Are Used to Describe the Gene Pool of a Population
Calculating Genotypic Frequencies
Calculating Allelic Frequencies
18.2 The Hardy–Weinberg Law Describes the Effect of Reproduction on Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies
Genotypic Frequencies at Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
Closer Examination of the Hardy–Weinberg Law
Implications of the Hardy–Weinberg Law
Testing for Hardy–Weinberg Proportions
Estimating Allelic Frequencies with the Hardy–Weinberg Law
Nonrandom Mating Alters Genotype Frequencies
18.3 Several Evolutionary Forces Can Change Allelic Frequencies
Mutation
Migration
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
18.4 Evolution Occurs Through Genetic Change Within Populations
Biological Evolution
Evolution as a Two-Step Process
Types of Evolution
18.5 New Species Arise Through the Evolution of Reproductive Isolation
The Biological Species Concept
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
Modes of Speciation
18.6 The Evolutionary History of a Group of Organisms Can Be Reconstructed by Studying Changes in Homologous Characteristics
Interpreting Phylogenetic Trees
The Construction of Phylogenetic Trees
18.7 Patterns of Evolution Are Revealed by Molecular Changes
Rates of Molecular Evolution
The Molecular Clock
Evolution Through Changes in Gene Regulation
Genome Evolution
Chapter 18 Review
Chapter Summary
Important Terms
Answers to Concept Checks
Chapter 18 Assessment
Comprehension Questions
Application Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Active Learning: Think-Pair-Share Questions
Active Learning: Concept Mapping Exercises
Glossary
Answers to Selected Questions and Problems
Notes
Index
Back Cover

Genetics Essentials
Concepts and Connections
With Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections, Ben Pierce presents an approachable genetics text that focuses on major genetic concepts and how they connect, giving students a foothold in a complex subject. Similar in approach to Ben Pierce’s popular and acclaimed Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, this streamlined text covers basic transmission, molecular, and population genetics in just 18 chapters, helping students uncover major concepts of genetics and make connections among those concepts as a way of gaining a richer understanding of the essentials of genetics. The new edition of Genetics Essentials is now supported in Achieve, Macmillan’s new online learning platform. The new 5th edition continues this mission by expanding upon the powerful pedagogy and tools that have made this title so successful. New question types, more learning guidelines for students, and an updated art program round out a powerful text, and improvements to the online resources in our newest platform, Achieve, give students the conceptual and problem solving understanding they need for success. Achieve is Macmillan’s new online learning platform that supports educators and students throughout the full range of instruction, including assets suitable for pre-class preparation, in-class active learning, and post-class study and assessment. The pairing of a powerful new platform with outstanding biology content provides an unrivaled learning experience.

There are no comments on this title.

to post a comment.